The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) provides a standardized system to assess and describe language proficiency levels. Here is a general description of each level:
CEFR Level A1: Beginner At this level, learners have basic communication skills and can understand and use simple, everyday expressions. They can introduce themselves, ask and answer simple questions about personal details, and interact in a basic way as long as the interlocutor speaks slowly and clearly.
CEFR Level A2: Elementary At the elementary level, learners can understand sentences and frequently used expressions related to areas of immediate relevance (e.g., personal and family information, shopping, local geography). They can communicate in simple and routine tasks requiring a simple and direct exchange of information on familiar topics.
CEFR Level B1: Intermediate At the intermediate level, learners can understand the main points of clear standard input on familiar matters. They can handle most situations likely to arise while traveling in an area where the language is spoken. They can produce simple connected text on topics that are familiar or of personal interest.
CEFR Level B2: Upper Intermediate At the upper intermediate level, learners can understand the main ideas of complex text on both concrete and abstract topics, including technical discussions in their field of specialization. They can interact with native speakers with a degree of fluency and spontaneity that makes regular interaction possible.
CEFR Level C1: Advanced At the advanced level, learners can understand a wide range of demanding, longer texts and recognize implicit meaning. They can express themselves fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for expressions. They can use the language effectively and flexibly in social, academic, and professional contexts.
CEFR Level C2: Proficient At the proficient level, learners can understand with ease virtually everything heard or read. They can summarize information from different spoken and written sources, reconstructing arguments and accounts in a coherent presentation. They can express themselves spontaneously, fluently, and precisely, differentiating finer shades of meaning even in complex situations.
Please note that these descriptions provide a general overview of each CEFR level and individual proficiency may vary within each level.